Book Promotion
Stop Worrying About Book Sales Stats
Book sales. For those of us trying to make a living as authors, that’s sort of an important thing, isn’t it? If our books sell, we make money we can use to buy peanut butter for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. If they don’t, we’d actually have to go back to working for a living. It’s hard for me to imagine anything worse, except maybe getting a courtesy water-boarding treatment.
The technology available today lets us know in near-real time (in some cases) how many books we’ve sold in a day, or an hour. Or in the last thirty seconds since we checked.
And therein lies the danger. Stats addiction. The irresistible impulse to constantly see how many books you’re selling. RIGHT NOW, DAMMIT!
This leads to three things: 1) euphoric highs when your sales are climbing; 2) depressing lows when your sales are moving down, with a proportional increase in your stress levels; and 3) the effective loss of a boatload of time that you could have been writing new stuff.
It really can be an addiction, and the tragedy of it is that knowing those numbers is, by and large, absolutely useless to you on anything more than a daily basis. And even that’s probably unnecessary.
Yes, you read that right: absolutely useless. Poof.
Why would I say such an outrageous thing? Simply put, the sales, good or bad, are gonna be what they’re gonna be. There’s absolutely nothing you can do to directly control those numbers.
Now, there are things you have control over that may help influence your sales, and that’s where you should be focusing your attention. For example, you could reach out to more folks on Twitter and engage them, or talk to X-number of new folks on Facebook, or run an ad, or whatever else that you have direct control over.
Sales, alas, isn’t one of them.
“But I’m running a targeted ad campaign on Facebook and need to know if my sales are going up!”
Well, maybe. But the real metric of the success of an ad campaign is the click through rate to your target page, right? And chances are your target page isn’t a direct sales page, it’s information to get the reader in the mood to buy. Information. A juicy sample of your novel. Whatever.
From there, they might buy right away. Or they might wait a while. Again, though, I have yet to see a direct impact on sales right away. Over the course of a few days maybe. Or not.
Another one is promotions and giveaways. While I personally have found them useful for helping to build fan loyalty, none of the ones I’ve tried thus far have had any immediate impact on sales. My checking sales stats every five minutes while those promotions were running was nothing but wasted time.
I’ve resolved to not check my sales stats and book ranks more often than once a day, and I only do that because I put together a spreadsheet calculator that gives me a pretty accurate projection of my royalties and sales figures for the month. So I plug in those numbers once a day and forget about it. I can use the time I gain to work on my next book.
If you’ve got a different experience, I’d love to hear it!
Using Twitter Effectively (Part 4): Basic Tweet Adder Queries
In this installment, we’re going to zoom in a bit more on the TweetAdder app I told you about in Part 3, focusing on query strategies and syntax (oooOOOooo!) for reaching out to tweeps who hopefully will want to reach back.
The search function you’ll probably use most is the Tweet Search. As the name implies, this will take the query terms you enter (more on that shortly) and search the Twitter stream for them on a continuous basis if you have automation on (which you should!). When it finds results that match the terms, it adds those users into the “To Follow” list, and TweetAdder will automatically follow those folks (again, as long as you have the automation turned on for that function). Following back, of course, will be up to them.
Now, before we get into more of the nitty gritty of these searches, let me say right up front that I’m not going to tell you exactly what I put into my searches.
Before you start calling me dirty names, let me say why: my intent here is to try and teach you how to sculpt a block of marble into something more than just a bunch of rock chips. I’ll show you how to smack the chisel with the hammer, but I want it to be your creative energy that shapes the marble. If I tell you exactly what I’m doing and a whole bunch of people do that exact same thing, then we’ll wind up annoying a lot of potential readers (or would-have-been potential readers!).
So: in your Twitter kit you’ll soon have a hammer, a chisel, some band-aids for when you smack your thumb, and the basic knowledge of how to use those tools. Then you can go out and practice making your very own Winged Victory of Samothrace. Or Spongebob Squarepants. Whatever turns you on.
Let’s take a quick look at the Tweet Search screen (click on the image for an enlarged view where you can actually see something). The first thing we need to do is set a parameter or two. The first is Language. In most (but not all) cases, you’re probably going to want to focus on whatever your native language is, which I sort of/kinda assume is drawn from whatever people put in their Twitter profiles, but I’m not sure. I usually just keep mine on English, because that’s supposedly my native language, no matter what my mom says, and that’s the only language in which my books are currently available.
The next is Recency. This helps you limit the search to tweets that occurred in certain number of days, as determined by the dropdown menu. To be honest, I only limit the recency when I’m experimenting with a query and before I load it into the Automated Searches list, just to help it run faster. Once I’ve pinned down what I want, though, I change the recency to “Any” (searches Twitter for however long) and add it to the Automated Searches list. It may take the query a while to run the first time, but after that it generally runs pretty fast, because it will automatically dedupe the tweeps you’re already following.
I normally don’t use the location option, but you could. The only one that I know of that works is zip codes. Again, however, I’ll have to claim ignorance on this one because I haven’t found it very useful for myself personally. And, as you know, it’s all about me, right?
Now to the good stuff: QUERY SYNTAX! That’s a fancy term for words you use to help find tweeps you’d like to follow, and who hopefully will want to follow you back.
The first thing to understand is that there are two general types of query terms: ones that you want, and ones that you don’t want (which I’ll call “defeats”). You can search on just about anything in the content of a tweet, including a single word or part of a word, a set of words, a hashtag (one of those terms preceded by a # sign, like “#kindle”), etc.
Let’s say you run a search for kindle. That will bring back any tweet that has the string of letters “kindle” in it. Most of them, of course, are about Amazon’s Kindle, but you could get anything. If you searched for “man,” you’d get “man,” “woman,” “human,” “humane,” etc.
So, go ahead and stick in “kindle” as a term and hit the Search Now button to see what results you get.
Note: When I originally started with Tweet Adder, you could get up to 1500 hits returned for your search, but Twitter has since put a limit on such searches by adder-like apps and cut this down to 20. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it just means that your automated searches, which we’ll get into later, will run more frequently.
Now, looking at the results, there are clearly some promising tweets by people talking about loving to read on their Kindles, Kindle vs. Nook, etc., along with a lot of junk. Most of the “junk” are tweets that contain URLs. Why are those junk? Because most of them are going to be posted by authors like you! While linking up with other authors is fine, they’re not you’re primary audience. So we use a defeat, typing our query in like so: kindle -http (note that there’s a space between the two).
The results for this search look much better! Most of those obnoxious author types have been zapped, MWUAHAHAHA! But scrolling through the results, this actually looks like a pretty good search in and of itself.
One thing that I like to do to check the results is to click on the “Tweet” column, which will sort the tweets in order. Then I scroll down and look for any that have a bunch of duplicates: sometimes those are broadcasters, sometimes not. But if it’s something that looks like I don’t want it, like tweets from that dorky @kreelanwarrior guy (er, me!), I find a term in the tweet and add it to the query as a defeat, like this: kindle -http -kreelanwarrior (remember that defeating “kreelanwarrior” will also filter out “@kreelanwarrior”).
Okay, I told you I wasn’t going to give you any specific queries, but that’s one that you can fiddle with that – assuming you’re published on the Kindle (and you’d better be!) – you can use. Just don’t be obnoxious about it or I’ll send Cousin Vinnie to bust your kneecaps, ‘kay?
You can also search for terms like season of the harvest, but that you need to put in quotes: “season of the harvest”. If you don’t, it’ll just look for tweets that have all the individual words in them, which in some cases can yield rather entertaining results.
If you want it to find terms in an either/or fashion, you can do something like this using the OR operator: “michael r. hicks” OR “in her name”. That will pick up any tweet that has either michael r. hicks or in her name in it. Then you could put in one or more defeats: “michael r. hicks” OR “in her name” -”rv living is awesome”.
Once you’ve tweaked your search to how you like it, make sure to click on the Add Automated Search button, which will put it into the queue that will run continuously when you have the Automation On button clicked. You can add as many searches as you like, and I encourage you to continuously experiment.
And on a side note, if you click on the “Followers” tab on the left of the main interface (which will bring up a list of the people – surprise! – who are your followers) and look at the Source column, you can see how many followers you have from your searches. This gives you a good indication of how much of a return on investment you’re getting from each one in terms of the number of followers you’re getting.
Again, I want to emphasize that TweetAdder is one of the very few things that I decided to spend money on for promotional purposes, and it was an investment that’s paid for itself many times over. But like all powerful tools, you have to take the time to learn to use it effectively. Hopefully this post will help.
Using Twitter Effectively (Part 3): The Magic of Tweet Adder
Okay, now we come to what’s probably the single most important bit of technology that can help you use Twitter as effectively as possible in terms of reaching readers: it’s a program called Tweet Adder.
Note: While I’m gearing these articles to self-published authors, all this information on Twitter can be applied to any endeavor, and Tweet Adder has been at the heart of it for me. Not to put too fine a point on it, had it not been for Tweet Adder, you probably wouldn’t be reading this right now.
While I’ll discuss my abhorrence of spending money for promotional gimmicks in a later post, Tweet Adder is a glaring exception to the rule. At $55 for a single profile (Twitter ID) license, it’s an absolute steal for what it allows you to do. I’ll say this loud and clear so there’s no misunderstanding: if you get Tweet Adder and learn how to use it effectively, you will kick Twitter butt. If you don’t use it, or learn how to use it properly (and it does take a bit of time), you’re walking right past a potential gold mine.
Now, I’m not going to go into a bunch of buttonology here on exactly how to use the app, because the Tweet Adder folks have a pile of tutorials to step you through all that (although I plan to put together some video tutorials on using it from an author’s perspective). But let me give you a brief rundown on the features that I like most, then in later posts we’ll look at some of them in more detail.
1. It helps you automate the process of finding followers who might be interested in your book
“Hey,” you say, “isn’t that cheating? Shouldn’t I be slaving over my Twitter account, adding people one by one?”
Listen, my love, the Earth is round, not flat. You need to spend as much of your time as you can writing, and if you can find technology to help you make better use of your time, you’re a dingbat for not using it. Where you get personal is in your interaction on a daily basis with the folks you follow/who follow you.
How does it follow people? There are several ways. One of the biggies is that you can set up automated searches for key terms inside tweets. Let’s say your genre is romance. You could set up a recurring, automated search that looks for things like “romance novel” or “romance story” (or, heck, take the plunge and look for “bodice ripper”!) that appear in tweets out there in the Twitterverse that your potential readers might use.
You’re going to have to do some research and tweaking to find out what those terms are, but let’s assume right now that you have a general idea. Tweet Adder can automatically add those folks to your “to follow” list and will automatically follow them.
You can also add in what are called defeats to your queries to help weed out junk. For example, when I run most of my searches, I usually put in -http, which eliminates any tweets that have hyperlinks in them, and -”social media” (note: the quotes make Tweet Adder look for that exact phrase, otherwise it would look just for those two words in any order in a tweet) to weed out the self-proclaimed social media gurus.
Or try searching for terms in profiles, by location (zip code is typical), by the followers of another Twitter user (let’s say you want to reach out to all of Jim Cameron’s followers – you can do that), people who are followed by a given user, and also by terms found in open (publicly accessible) twitter lists that are part of the list name.
You can use combinations of those different searches to keep your “to follow” list full, and Tweet Adder will just chug right along, following people. If you do things right, many, if not most, of those people follow you back. For those who don’t…
2. It will automatically unfollow people who don’t follow you back
While you’ll still need to periodically prune your follower/following lists manually (Tweet Adder doesn’t catch everything), this feature is great because you can tell Tweet Adder to unfollow anyone who hasn’t responded to your follow request.
You can set several options for this, the most important of which is the number of days to give them before you unfollow. The default is three days, which is pretty good. I wouldn’t set it lower than two, and probably no higher than five – let’s face it, if someone’s a regular Twitter user and they haven’t responded in five days, they’re not gonna follow you back.
And remember, unfollowing people who aren’t reciprocating is very important once you hit the two-thousand mark for people you’re following, when Twitter imposes the 1.2 to 1 ratio that I mentioned in an earlier post.
Tweet Adder will also let you add users to a “white list” who are exempt from being unfollowed. So in case you want to follow celebrities or whatever, just for your own entertainment, Tweet Adder won’t zap them from your follow list.
3. You can automatically post tweets
This is one of Tweet Adder’s most powerful features, but also one that is very easily abused. You can add a bunch of tweets (pretty much as many as you want, either manually one by one, or imported from a text file) to the automatic tweet list, and then tell Tweet Adder how often you want them to go out; you can also set some other variables. I use this for sending out my promo tweets, and based on my experience, I have a few recommendations:
- Don’t send out promo tweets more often than about once an hour. I have my settings at 65 to 90 minute intervals. That tends to let them blend into the timelines of your tweeps and generally isn’t too overwhelming or annoying. Otherwise you’ll be rightly accused of spamming and people will unfollow you.
- Mix in some “useful” tweets with your promos. For example, I send out links to the various free ebook reader apps out there, so people who don’t own a Kindle or Nook, etc., can still take advantage of my ebooks if they want. You can also mix in some quotes or other inspirational things – whatever trips your trigger.
- I’ll cover this in more depth in a later post, but don’t scream “BUY MY BOOK!!!” Nobody responds to that except maybe by hitting the unfollow button. Don’t try to sell – try to inform. Tell them something interesting about your book. The only thing that you should consider putting in all caps is the title. I do that when I mention the title, or maybe to highlight a word (usually when I’m being a smartass), but that’s it. Some people don’t like that, but I’ve gotten maybe two actual complaints about it in the course of thousands of tweets exchanged with thousands of tweeps.
- Make sure to add tweets for any book reviews you’ve gotten from bloggers, the press, etc. Again, though, inform, don’t push. “My thriller SEASON OF THE HARVEST just got a great review – check it out at http://ow.ly/50A6O“, for example.
4. Automatically tweet your blog posts via RSS
This is a really handy feature that gets around a lot of the shenanigans involved in getting your blog posts fed to Twitter: Tweet Adder will just pop out the title and a link from your site’s RSS feed when you make a post. Done. You can even add multiple RSS feeds if you like.
5. Send out an automatic “thank you” DM
If you don’t know, a “DM” is a direct message that only you and the intended recipient sees; it doesn’t appear for anybody else. Even thought it’s automated, this is a VERY important aspect of Tweet Adder if you take advantage of it properly.
If you haven’t already, you want to prepare some sort of content that you can give away free to your readers. If you only have one book out, you could offer them the first few chapters in ebook format(s) or a character study, or maybe link them to a YouTube video or an audio podcast thanking them for joining (Hmm. That’s the first time I’d thought of that! Might have to try it!). Just give them *something* to make them feel welcome and give them a warm fuzzy. In my case, since I’ve got several books out in the IN HER NAME series, I give folks a free copy of the complete novel of IN HER NAME: EMPIRE to whet their appetites.
This lets you do it without having to do it by hand – save yourself time. Somebody follows you, Tweet Adder sends them a welcome DM message, which of course should contain a link to your welcome freebie.
“But there are people out there who hate automated DMs!” Yes, there are. There are also people out there who hate poodles, hamsters, and chocolate cake. You can’t please everybody all the time, but using this you can please a lot of people by giving something worthwhile as a thank-you for following you.
6. Send out “broadcast” DMs
I’ll admit that I haven’t actually used this feature yet, but now that I’m going through Tweet Adder’s functions in more detail, I see that I may have to start. This feature allows you to send DMs to all your followers, sort of like a broadcast. But rather than having the information potentially lost in their timeline, it’ll appear in the DM inbox, which is generally not nearly as full of junk.
Beware, however, that this is another feature that could easily be mis-used by loading it up with a bunch of spam. Don’t do dat.
However, if you just put a book on sale and want to let people know, or you’re starting a promo contest or some other event, this might be a good tool to reach out to folks on an occasional basis. Again, however, be very judicious, save this for special occasions, and DO NOT overdo it!
In Conclusion…
There are some other features that are worth exploring, but the above are the main ones that I’ve found useful. But the bottom line is that if you’re not using Tweet Adder, you’re not getting anywhere near the potential traction with Twitter that you could be. And, as Yoda might say, “Powwwerful traction it is!”
Marketing Tips For Self-Published Authors: Using Twitter Effectively (Part 2)
Now that you have a general idea of what Twitter is, you’ve got an account on Twitter and your interface of choice like Hootsuite lined up, and have monkeyed around with at least a few of the Twitter tools out there, let’s talk in a bit more detail about the people you might choose to follow, and those who might choose to follow you.
The goal of all this is to connect with people who might be receptive to scoping out your books, or who can help spread the word, and weed out the chaff.
First, let me share a couple of my personal definitions with you (these aren’t official, just what I use in my empty head):
- Broadcaster. A broadcaster is a person, business, or just an account that tweets the same thing or set of things over and over. These accounts are basically one-way communicators, and they don’t interact with their followers (that would be you). They also tend to have a huge number of followers, which looks impressive, but is often about as meaty as a big bag of styrofoam peanuts. Most of the time these accounts are set up and run automatically without any further human intervention. They’ll follow people willy-nilly, expecting you to follow in return, and they almost always have their accounts set to automatically follow people back. Tweet, tweet, tweet, blah, blah, blah. And that’s it.
- Promoter. A promoter sends out promotional tweets, many of which might be canned or repetitive in a given span of time, but they also actively interact with their followers and other people in the Twitterverse in a positive manner (you can be a promoter and be nice, or be a promoter and be a wiener-head; I block the latter). These are real people who both talk and listen on Twitter: the communication is two-way. These folks are often a source of helpful information and can also be good connectors for you to reach other readers through retweets (i.e., they’re someone who passes on your tweets to their followers, which is a HUGE source of leverage). Yours truly falls into this category.
- Good ol’ Tweep. A tweep – for purposes here – is basically Johnny or Jean Public, one of the many people who may give you an opportunity to touch their lives through Twitter. Some of these folks you may be interested in; others, you might not. But for our purposes here, the tweeps you want are potential or existing readers of your books.
So, here’s the deal. A lot of folks who want to promote something, like books, get on Twitter and right away are entirely focused on building a huge following as quickly as possible.
“Well, hey,” says you, “if I don’t get 100,000 followers in a week like the social media gurus say I should, Twitter won’t do me any good! I’ll be riding the failboat!”
Hold onto your rubber ducky. It’s true that you could rack up a ton of followers fairly quickly, just like I was doing for a while. But eventually you’ll realize that a huge percentage of those “followers” – whom you’re also following back – are just broadcasters. That’s kind of like being in the room with a few thousand copies of your old Aunt Gertrude. You know, the one who just loves to talk and talk and talk, but who never lets anybody get a word in edgewise?
Now, do you think whoever owns those broadcaster accounts gives a hoot about your tweets? You don’t have to be a member of MENSA to figure that one out: the answer is a loud and resounding no. Unless you just happen to enjoy the content that’s put out by a broadcaster (and you very well may, and that’s fine), hit the “block” button on these weenies. That way you won’t have to worry about accidentally following them again later when we get to some of the more advanced tools we’ll talk about.
“How do I tell if somebody’s a broadcaster?” Very easy: just look at their tweets in your timeline, or pop up their timeline, and all you’ll see is post after post, by them, almost always with URLs to their product or site. And that’s it. They don’t reply to anybody (or there’s maybe a token reply in there somewhere), and they don’t retweet things – that’s a HUGE no-go. Block ‘em.
Moving on to promoters. This is the group you want to be part of. You’ll mainly want to connect with fellow authors, but don’t limit yourself to just that group: you might hook up with people in music, film, etc., and through them you may find more readers. But hooking up with other authors is good for a couple reasons. First, you can learn a lot from other authors on Twitter – different ways of doing things, ideas to try that you haven’t heard of, a great editor, link exchanges, etc. These folks can also be powerful motivators when you’re writing new material, or have hit a roadblock and you need someone to help shake the gray cells loose. Or just to yak and have fun! Check out the hashtags #amwriting and #pubwrite, as a couple examples.
The most powerful thing you can get from fellow promoters – and give back, in return – is retweeting. When you tweet about your book and other promoters (and sometimes readers, as well) retweet it, you just gained enormous leverage: you’re reaching your own tweeps, and theirs, too! This leverage can be exponential, and is one of the most powerful aspects of Twitter.
“But hey, if I retweet their stuff, that’ll be competition! My tweeps might buy their books and not mine! I’m not gonna do it!”
Stop being such a pansy. It’s about coalition, not competition. Readers are going to buy what they like, but they’re more likely to buy books from nice people who like to help others than from selfish ninnies. There’s another old saw that applies here: a rising tide floats all boats, while selfish ninnies ride the failboat and sink. Don’t do dat.
So, get in with a good group of fellow promoters/authors who are willing to help each other succeed and leave the ninny-filled failboat behind.
On now, to tweeps, otherwise known as potential readers! You want to let folks know about your books (without annoying them to death with promo tweets), but you also want to share your personal experiences with them and get a glimpse into their lives. You don’t have to make any terribly pithy comments, just be neighborly! Go through your timeline and look at the tweets people are making, and find ones that you’d like to comment on. Don’t make those tweets have anything to do with your books! They’ll get that from your promo tweets. Keep your “personal tweets” personal – be nice and fun. Help people if you can, rejoice at their happiness, offer support in hard times, have a bit of fun (but watch what you say and how you say it: off-color jokes,etc., are NOT cool), and just try to be someone that other folks enjoy being around. Don’t try to be the center of attention: just be you.
Now let’s look at a few do’s and don’ts that’ll also hopefully give you an idea of a few things you can do if you’re new to this whole tweeting thing:
- DO feel free to promote your books through your tweets! Just don’t overdo it. I recommend sending out promotional tweets maybe once an hour, but not more than every 30 minutes. That way your tweets don’t form an obnoxious intestinal blockage in your followers’ timelines.
- DON’T send out nothing but promotional tweets! Otherwise you’re just a broadcaster, and the people you want to reach will largely ignore you.
- DO post stuff about your daily life and your interests. That’s what Twitter is all about: sharing life.
- DO keep your personal posts upbeat. Find the silver lining in things. People are attracted to sources of inspiration and encouragement. Nobody wants to be around a sourpuss.
- DON’T tweet the same thing (“Hey, have you read my book???”) to fifty people in succession. It looks really stupid in everyone’s timeline, and your own!
- DO NOT EVER get into an argument or pissing contest with anyone (reader, reviewer, your Aunt Gertrude who won’t shut up, etc.). Twitter (and Facebook) can be very unforgiving about the old adage, “If you don’t have something good to say, don’t say anything at all.” Even if you’re in the right, it will come back to bite you.
- DO toss questions out periodically to help drum up some yakking. “Hey, anybody going out for ice cream tonight?” “Who has a pencil sharpener?” You’d be amazed at the responses.
- DO – ABSOLUTELY! – your very best to answer every tweet or direct message (a “DM,” which is a form of message in Twitter that only you can see) you get from people. If they’re tweeting to you, you’re getting some action! Respond!
- Send out a welcome “shoutout” (#ShoutOut using hashtags) to new followers to welcome them to your little Twitter circle.
- DO feel absolutely free to unfollow people whom you wouldn’t want to be seen with in public. There are a ton of folks on Twitter who can’t seem to write anything that doesn’t have mostly four letter words or say stuff that would make a porn star blush. Don’t feel compelled to keep these folks around if their language or behavior offends you. Unfollow or block ‘em without a second thought.
- DO retweet things from other people, both authors/promoters and your tweeps! If something good happened to somebody, pass it on! If someone needs some support, pass it on. If a fellow author hit the bestseller list, pass it on and celebrate their success!
- Last but not least DON’T eat too many salt and vinegar potato chips like I just did. Otherwise you wind up writing a post like this.
Marketing Tips For Self-Published Authors: Using Twitter Effectively (Part 1)
If you’ve been on the web for longer than five minutes, you’ve no doubt heard of this thing called “Twitter,” and if you’ve been on Twitter for longer than five minutes, you’ve probably been spammed by at least eight hundred “social media gurus” who’ll be happy to sell you the “Ancient Chinese Secret For Gaining 100,000 Twitter Followers In A Week and TO MASSIVELY GROW YOUR INCOME WHILE RELIEVING HEMORRHOID IRRITATION!!!!”
Yeah, whatever. Let me know how that works out for ya.
All kidding aside, the reason you should care about Twitter is that you can, at least based on my experience, use it very effectively to help promote your books and your author persona – if you do it right. I’m not claiming I’ve got the whole thing pinned down (I’m trying to learn new tricks all the time), but of all the tools in my promotional toolbox, I think my highest “skill rating” and return on investment is currently with Twitter.
While I don’t have statistics to back it up, I believe that the rapid success enjoyed by SEASON OF THE HARVEST after its release (and I didn’t do any big lead-up fanfare anywhere) that landed it on several Amazon Bestseller lists – along with IN HER NAME (Omnibus) – is due directly to my promotional efforts on Twitter. I also believe that the continued success of those books, and the growing success of the others, is due largely to Twitter. (more…)
